Therefore, the study of the rheological properties of airway surface liquid has both physiological and clinical significance. Unfortunately, due to a lack of suitable in vivo and in situ measurement techniques, thus far, all rheological measurements of human respiratory mucus came from in vitro studies that may not give a true picture of in vivo conditions. Moreover, reported literature values of the viscoelasticity of human respiratory mucus show large (orders of magnitude) intersubject, intrasubject, and even within the same mucus -sample variations (Table 1). It is imperative to heighten collaborations between clinicians, biomedical engineers, and applied scientists to explain these variations in perspective of both physiology and experimental techniques, to further develop tools to assess the quantitative properties of airway surface liquid, and finally to correlate the biophysical properties of airway surface liquid with healthy versus diseased states. This article reviews the importance of airway surface liquid rheology and surface tension measurements in: (1) maintaining the stability of small airways and alveoli; (2) preventing ventilator-induced lung injury; (3) optimizing surfactant replacement therapy (SRT); and (4) characterizing lung barrier and clearance functions. Subsequently, new methods and techniques for determining the viscosity and surface tension of airway surface liquid are described.
More than 30% of patients who visit a doctor each year have respiratory complaints. These can range from minor infections (such as the common cold) to chronic obstructive conditions (such as asthma). The updated second edition of this wide-ranging book looks at the respiratory problems that nursing and healthcare professionals are most likely to encounter in clinical practice, including new sections on * and the most up-to-date treatments for bronchitis and other respiratory conditions. Beginning with an overview of the respiratory system, the author then discusses history taking, and the physical assessment and secondary tests needed to assess a patient with an undiagnosed respiratory condition. This is followed by chapters on the aetiology, assessment and management of specific acute and chronic conditions, as well as a chapter on the pharmacology of respiratory disease. Finally, the author looks at intermediate, home-based and end of life care. Featuring boxes, tables, diagrams, reader activities, a list of abbreviations and a full glossary, this book offers a holistic and practical approach to caring for a patient with a respiratory disease. Contents include: Introduction A quick look at anatomy and physiology Respiratory assessment Physical assessment Secondary data Acute conditions * Chronic conditions Self-management Pharmacology Intermediate, home-based and end of life care
Nunns Applied Respiratory Physiology 7th Pdf 82
2ff7e9595c
Comments